CNEWS匯流新聞網記者潘永鴻/台北報導
氣候變遷受到全世界關注。立委洪申翰及林昶佐近日赴美參與世界議員西藏大會,立委洪申翰擔任「亞洲和西藏在全球暖化和氣候變遷中的意義」主題論壇講者之一,除了發表演說以外也與在場來自世界各國的國會議員交流。
論壇主持人西藏流亡政府國會議員 Tenzing Jigme (Member of Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile)強調,青藏高原不只是中國屋脊、印度屋脊,而是世界屋脊(Roof of the World),常被稱為「第三極」。因此當它遭到破壞所帶來的衝擊與影響,是全球性的。
許多科學證據顯示,青藏高原的冰川正在劇烈的融化,正在大幅改變亞洲大陸的水資源與氣候型態。立委洪申翰與會表示,在中共政府壟斷在國際談判的代表性下,青藏高原在氣候危機的特殊性,很難被國際認識清楚。而台灣也面對很相似的處境。
洪申翰指出,與會議員針對氣候變遷議題交流相當踴躍,許多各國代表都問到,國際社會應該如何採取具體的行動來因應眼前的氣候危機。洪申翰分享,西藏和台灣在國際氣候議程中的確相對弱勢,因為長期被中共政權打壓而無法以一個正常國家身份參加聯合國下許多重要會議,很難在如此全球議程把自己的聲音發出。
不過,洪申翰也提到,這幾年有許多太平洋小島國家,為了因應氣候危機很積極組成聯盟或聯合國機制以外的平台增加自己在談判桌上的籌碼,值得西藏與台灣借鏡。
在演說中,洪申翰也向世界各國代表提醒,必須由下而上作好因應氣候危機下的調適工作,發揮民主精神讓利害相關人理解處境,甚至整合資源發起因應方案。
洪申翰批評,中共政權對西藏的恐怖統治之下,根本封鎖在地藏人社群的真實需求與聲音,這絕對不可能以青藏高原的永續為主體,催生出一個能有效調適跟保護的計劃,
洪申翰也擔憂,對於如此珍貴的青藏高原,中共還是只有看不見盡頭的消耗跟掠奪,也很希望透過跟藏人及國際社群共同合作,力抗中共打壓與氣候危機。
洪申翰中英講稿
在2020年我展開我的立委工作前,過去10年我在台灣的民間團體工作,參與台灣環境及能源相關的議題領域。上任後,我也積極推動台灣的氣候政策。
I’m a legislator representing DPP,The ruling party in Taiwan. Before I started my political career in 2020, I have been an active member in Taiwan’s NGO community to work on environment and energy issues for more than 10 years. Therefore, climate policy is my primary work in the Congress.
氣候變遷是現在全球都最關心的議題之一。西藏高原的冰川和北極的冰原一樣,是全球氣候變遷最重要的指標及受全球暖化影響最顯著的地方。
Global warming and climate change is now one of the world’s top concerns. Like the Antarctic ice sheet, glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau also have serious impacts under warming. The study on the Tibetan glaciers are important indicators for global climate change.
研究指出青藏高原在過去的50年間的氣溫已上升了1.3℃,升溫幅度是全球平均的兩倍到四倍。青藏高原有82%的冰層已經退縮,到了2050年,66%的冰川將面對融化的危機。
Research shows that the temperature of the Tibetan Plateau has increased 1.3 degree Celsius over the past 50 years, two to four times higher than the global average. 82% of the ice has retreated, with more than 60% of the glaciers in danger of melting by 2050.
青藏高原的氣候、水文變化對中亞和東亞地區是極其重要的。如我們所知(如果Tenzing有提到的話,就說如Tenzing所說),地球「第三極」上數以千計的冰河還有定期的融雪,形成了十條亞洲最大河流的源頭,為兩億一千多人口帶來直接飲用水,同時,這些河流的流域也支持了13億人口的生活。
因此,不管是對全球或亞洲,青藏高原的積極調適策略都是很重要的。
The change of climate and hydrological regime of the Tibetan Plateau is extremely important to Central and East Asia. As we all know, the “Third Pole’s” thousands of glaciers and regular snowmelt form the headwaters for 10 of Asia’s biggest rivers, which bring drinking water directly to 200 million people, while these river basins indirectly support more than 1.3 billion people.
Therefore, both to the world and Asia, advanced climate change adaptation for the Tibetan Plateau is crucial.
調適沒有單一的解方,而且需要建構在跨領域、跨層級、地區性的行動上。調適不只是單純的多做一些什麼,而是應對風險和危害、不確定性和複雜性,要有新的思考模式。
There is no “one size fits all solution” when it comes to adaptation. Adaptation needs to be a cross-sectoral, multi-level and inter-regional activity. Adaptation is about new ways of thinking and dealing with risk and hazards.
調適流程需要依循在地脈絡。同時,為了降低氣候變遷下的脆弱度,探索合適的調適路徑,需要一個有架構的方法論,向在地的人民和組織學習。如果缺少適當管道支持長期、持續的利害關係人參與,很難提升因應氣候變遷的韌性。
Every suitable adaptation plan requires local experiences and resources, especially a process of learning by people and local organizations. Without proper channels to support the engagement of stakeholders, it is hard to increase resilience.
根據台灣過去發展調適策略的經驗,我們了解到一個好的調適策略,最重要的是由下而上的參與精神,政策要反映在地的需求和聲音。這也是民主制度下能夠做到,而像中國這樣的極權國家沒辦法的。
From our experience of adaptation strategy, the citizen participation and bottom-up approach is significant to form an effective policy. This is also possible in a democratic system, but not in a totalitarian state, like China.
因此,我們也大力支持來自西藏在地人的聲音應該要在國際的氣候談判場合中被聽見。不只是為了人權價值,也是為了全地區的利益。
Therefore we support the voice of the Tibetan community should be included and highlighted in the international climate talk. Not only because we value human rights, but also for the interest of the whole region.
台灣同樣受到中國在國際上的壓迫,而無法參與正式的國際會議,但我們的政府同樣做了一些努力,我將這些資訊與大家分享。
Due to the suppression from the Chinese government, it is regrettable that Taiwan cannot participate in any formal conferences under the UN. But we still have lots of important information to share with the international community.
自2016年蔡英文總統執政後,台灣已經展開能源轉型的工作,快速的提高再生能源的使用,減少燃煤發電,並將在2025年不再使用核能。在這之中,蔡英文總統也宣布,2050淨零轉型是全世界的目標,也是台灣的目標。
Since our President Tsai Ing-Wen took office in 2016, we have started our energy transition to rapidly increase the use of renewable energy, reduce coal-fired and phase out nuclear power by 2025. Within this, President Tsai has announced that Taiwan, like many countries in the world, shares the common goal of net-zero emissions by 2050.
今年,政府進一步提出2050淨零路徑,提出12項關鍵戰略,包括氫能、儲能、提升能源效率、運具電動化等等,也強調公正轉型,盡力確保轉型過程不遺落任何人。
This year, our government published “Taiwan’s Pathway to Net-Zero Emissions in 2050”, including enhancing investment in hydrogen energy, energy storage, energy efficiency andEV. Just transition is also emphasized. We are trying to figure out a pathway to ensure that no one is left behind in the process of transition.
同時,我們的氣候變遷法也在立法院進行審議當中,預計今年下半年可以通過。修正草案包括將2050年淨零目標納入法律的國家之一及增強氣候治理。
Also, a Climate Change Response Act has been sent to the Legislative Yuan and it is expected to pass in the next session.
氣候變遷是全球的議題,沒有一個組織或甚至國家可以單獨達成控制升溫的挑戰,我們也很希望透過跟藏人及國際社群共同合作,大家一起重視這個艱鉅的任務。謝謝。
As we all know, the impacts of climate change are global in scope. No single organization or country on their own can limit global temperature well.
We sincerely hope to enhance partnerships with Tibetan community and global society, and work together to the Tough challenge. Thank you all for listening.
圖片來源:洪申翰辦公室
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